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Pharmaceutical Waste a Global Challenge to Ecosystem
Review
Manuscript ID: CoAS_SP1_05
Pharmaceutical Waste a Global Challenge to Ecosystem
Deshmukh Gauri, Umap Swati*, Bhapkar Tejal, Somkuwar A. P, Dubey Sonal, More G.V, Sawarkar Alka and Limsay R.P
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry is one of the biggest industries, having a significant share of the world’s economy. At the same time, with the high production of pharmaceutical products, this industry is becoming a significant threat to the environment by producing vast amounts of pharmaceutical waste, which imparts specific hazardous, debilitating effects on the environment. Waste products made by the pharmaceutical industry, mainly drugs that contain active pharmacological ingredients (APIs), cause hazardous effects on the environment. Primarily, Improper disposal of expired pharmaceuticals, ampules, or vials containing amounts of drugs, unused capsules, and pills in nearby water resources is the primary reason for the pharmaceuticals to come in contact with ecosystems. Secondly, the excretions by the personnel consuming drugs also contain some or some other active metabolite of pharmaceutical agents. Certain pharmaceuticals that remain persistent in their original form or as metabolites after exposure to environmental degradation and impart harmful effects on the ecosystem in which they are present are called ‘Environmentally Persistent Pharmacological Products’ (EPPPs). The toxic effects of these EPPPs are directly imparted on birds, animals, and humans, and it is an essential concern from a public health point of view as well. Certain important case studies are also included in the article.
Keywords
Pharmaceutical waste, environmental contamination, pollution, ecotoxicological waste, environmentally persistent pharmaceuticals, ecosystem, antibiotics
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of Industrial Pollution Control, 26(1), 89-94.
Smit, P. H., & Lymberis, A. (2015). H2020 EU Research & Innovation Program Boost the transfer of technological breakthroughs, enable new solutions for personalised health and impact the industry and healthcare systems. In pHealth 2015 (pp. 3-17). IOS Press.
Shore, L. S., & Shemesh, M. (2016). Estrogen as an environmental pollutant. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 97, 447-448.
Sharma, N., Agarwal, D., Khinchi, M., Gupta, M. K., & Bisht, S. (2010). Pharmaceutical waste management: a challenge to make environment ecofriendly. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy (IJRAP), 1(2), 332-338.
Tyler, C. R., & Jobling, S. (2008). Roach, sex, and gender-bending chemicals: The feminization of wild fish in English rivers. Bioscience, 58(11), 1051-1059.
Van Nuijs, A. L., Pecceu, B., Theunis, L., Dubois, N., Charlier, C., Jorens, P. G., .... & Covaci, A. (2009).
Cocaine and metabolites in waste and surface water across Belgium. Environmental Pollution, 157(1), 123-129.
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Ternes, T. A. (1998). Occurrence of drugs in German sewage treatment plants and rivers. Water research, 32(11), 3245-3260.
Tyler, C. R., & Jobling, S. (2008). Roach, sex, and gender-bending chemicals: The feminization of wild fish in English rivers. Bioscience, 58(11), 1051-1059.
Van Nuijs, A. L., Pecceu, B., Theunis, L., Dubois, N., Charlier, C., Jorens, P. G., .... & Covaci, A. (2009).
Cocaine and metabolites in waste and surface water across Belgium. Environmental Pollution, 157(1), 123-129.
Velpandian, T., Halder, N., Nath, M., Das, U., Moksha, L., Gowtham, L., & Batta, S. P. (2018). Un- segregated waste disposal: an alarming threat of antimicrobials in surface and ground water sources in Delhi. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 29518-29528.
Vishwas, D. K. (2022). Effect of expired pharmaceutical dumping on ecological community. BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences, 7(2), 192-197.
Available Online
30th March, 2024
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How to Cite the Article
Deshmukh G, Umap S, Bhapkar T, Somkuwar AP, Dubey S, More GV, Sawarkar A and Limsay RP. Pharmaceutical Waste a Global Challenge to Ecosystem. Chron Aquat Sci. 2024;1(10):53-64
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Pharmaceutical Waste a Global Challenge to Ecosystem
